![]() ![]() No lung volume or frequency changes, parasympatholytic or sympathomimetic drugs, or altered patterns of breathing simulated the late delivery of dead space seen in age and some obstructive syndromes. If an air passage has increased resistance, the amount of air a person can. ![]() For example, if someone has pneumonia or tuberculosis, they will have reduced lung volume, and thus a restrictive lung disorder. Although an increase in VD(F) occurred with frequency, this was significantly less than that seen by VD(O), i.e., VD(F) did not see the progressive increase in phase I volume with frequency. Lung volumes can be measured to determine the level of respiratory system health as well as the presence of various respiratory disorders. An increase in VD(O) occurred with increasing respiratory frequency that was explained by the increase in volume of phase I. Physiological dead space (VD(p)) however, did not change significantly with lung volume, showing "alveolar" dead space to diminish as a result. Bohr used a mass balance method to measure dead space through the information of tidal volume, mixed alveolar gas, and expired alveolar gas compositions. Both measures increased with lung volume, the increase being entirely due to an increase in the volume of phase I. ![]() VD(O) was appreciably larger than VD(F) in our normal subjects. VD(O) is known to increase with age and is enlarged in some obstructive syndromes. It may also be measured from an inert gas washout (VD(O)) that describes both volume and the delivery of VD(O) throughout the expiration. The "anatomical" dead space is commonly measured by sampling an inert gas (N2) and volume in the exhalation following a large breath of oxygen (VD(F)). ![]()
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